Beethoven s Biography, Musical Career, And Musical Influence

Ludwig van Beethoven was a composer from Germany. This essay is going to teach readers about Beethoven’s biography, musical career, and musical influence. Beethoven is one of the world’s most well-known composers because he was the bridge between the classical and romantic music eras. Ludwig van Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany and was baptized on December 17th, 1770 (Jones). There is no actual documentation of Beethoven’s birth, but it is assumed that December 16th, 1770 was his birthday because his parents were Catholic and it was tradition to baptize children the day after they were born (Jones). Beethoven was born to Maria Magdalena and Johann van Beethoven. Beethoven only had two younger brothers, Caspar and Johann, because his other siblings did not survive infancy. Beethoven began studying the violin, piano, and clavier at a very young age with his father as his first teacher. Beethoven was not happy about the learning to play these instruments because his father would beat him if he tried to stop playing. His father wanted him to be the best and would do anything to keep him playing, including depriving him of sleep to keep his son practicing. Other than his father, Beethoven had five other teachers. Christian Gottlob Neefe was Beethoven’s organ teacher. Franz Ries was Beethoven’s violin teacher. Joseph Franz Haydn was a teacher of Beethoven’s for about two years, along with Johann Georg Albrechtsberger and Antonio Salieri who both taught him for just underShow MoreRelatedThe Talented Prokofiev And Beethoven Essay1775 Words   |  8 PagesSamantha Davis MUSIC 1302 Professor Eldridge The Talented Prokofiev and Beethoven Throughout history, many musicians and composers made a great impact on the musical world as we know it today. Some of the greats were Sergei Prokofiev and Beethoven. Even though they came in different time periods, they both made a huge impact on the musical world. Sergei Prokofiev was a 20th century Russian composer. His father, Sergei Alekseievich Prokofiev, was an agriculturalist and hisRead MoreEssay on Leonard Bernstien: A Legendary Composer1377 Words   |  6 Pagesin American history.† Being born and educated in the United States, Bernstein was the first American to obtain worldwide acclaim. He is also cited in the Encyclopedia of World Biography, that â€Å"his special gift of bridging the gap between the concert hall and the world of Broadway made him one of the most glamorous musical figures of his day.† Bernstein was born in August 25, 1918, in Lawrence, Massachusetts. Bernstein was born, Louis, per his grandmother’s request; however his parents alwaysRead More Johann Sebastian Bach Essay2919 Words   |  12 Pages mark on the musical world. 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Costa Rica The Little Country - 908 Words

You could call Costa Rica the little country that could, at least in terms of health care. Over the past seventy years the government has enacted reforms that have changed the face of both the health care system and health of a country. The Costa Rica health system is dedicated to providing equitable access to citizens, while protecting them from financial risk. The improvement this middle-income country has made over the past few decades rivals that of higher-income countries. However, while this system is fundamentally efficient and effective, it is not without problems. Throughout the last seventy years Costa Rica’s healthcare system has been going through a transformation. As the nation has taken steps to improve the health care system, the health of the country’s population has also drastically improved. For instance, in 1950 the total population of Costa Rica was approximately one million citizens (Vargas Muiser, 2013). The life expectancy was fifty-six years for both female and male citizens (Vargas Muiser, 2013). The fertility rate for women at that time was 6.7 (Vargas Muiser, 2013). By the twentieth century the population has reached close to four million citizens, and the life expectancy of both male and females has risen to seventy-eight years old (Vargas Muiser, 2013). This life expectancy rate placed Costa Rica second in the Americas, behind Canada (Unger, Buitron, Soors, 2008). The fertility rate of women also dropped to 2.4 (Vargas Show MoreRelatedCosta Ric A Similar Base Structure Of Development999 Words   |à ‚  4 Pagesallowed each state to be unique. Costa Rica is one such place, who differed slightly throughout and happened to make choices in which lead them to have a different outcome than that of its neighbors Costa Rica’s first major difference compared to its neighbors is that of the size of Costa Rica’s indigenous population. 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The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner Chapters 12 Free Essays

string(28) " have tried to swim for it\." â€Å"Tonight you get a taste of what our world wil be like when our competition is out of the picture. Fol ow me!† Riley bounded away; Raoul and his team were right on his heels. Kristie’s group started shoving and clawing right through the middle of them to get to the front. We will write a custom essay sample on The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner Chapters 12 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Don’t make me change my mind!† Riley bel owed from the trees ahead. â€Å"You can al go thirsty. I don’t care!† Kristie barked an order and her group sul enly fel behind Raoul’s. Fred and I waited until the last of them was out of sight. Then Fred did one of those little ladies first sweeps with his arm. It didn’t feel like he was afraid to have me at his back, just that he was being polite. I started running after the army. The others were already long gone, but it was nothing to fol ow their smel . Fred and I ran in companionable silence. I wondered what he was thinking. Maybe he was only thirsty. I was burning, so he probably was, too. We caught up to the others after about five minutes, but kept our distance. The army was moving in amazing quiet. They were focused, and more†¦ disciplined. I kind of wished that Riley had started the training sooner. It was easier to be around this group. We crossed over an empty two-lane freeway, another strip of forest, and then we were on a beach. The water was smooth, and we’d gone almost due north, so this must have been the strait. We hadn’t passed near any residences, and I was sure that was on purpose. Thirsty and on edge, it wouldn’t take too much to dissolve this smal measure of organization into a screaming free-for-al . We’d never hunted al together before, and I was pretty sure that it was not a good idea now. I remembered Kevin and the Spider-Man kid fighting over the woman in the car that first night I’d talked to Diego. Riley had better have a whole lot of bodies for us or people were going to start tearing each other up to get the most blood. Riley paused at the water’s edge. â€Å"Don’t hold back,† he told us. â€Å"I want you wel fed and strong – at your peak. Now†¦ let’s go have some fun.† He dove smoothly into the surf. The others were growling excitedly as they submerged, too. Fred and I fol owed more closely than before because we couldn’t fol ow their scent under water. But I could feel that Fred was hesitant – ready to bolt if this was something other than an al -you-can-eat smorgasbord. It seemed like he didn’t trust Riley any more than I did. We didn’t swim long, and then we saw the others kicking upward. Fred and I surfaced last, and Riley started talking as soon as our heads were out of the water, like he’d been waiting for us. He must have been more aware of Fred than the others were. â€Å"There she is,† he said, waving toward a large ferry chugging south, probably making the last commuter run of the night down from Canada. â€Å"Give me a minute. When the power goes out, she’s al yours.† There was an excited murmur. Someone giggled. Riley was off like a shot, and seconds later we saw him fly up the side of the big boat. He headed straight for the control tower on top of the ship. Silencing the radio was my bet. He could say al he wanted about these enemies being our reason for caution, but I was sure there was more to it than that. Humans weren’t supposed to know about vampires. At least, not for very long. Just long enough for us to kil them. Riley kicked a big plate-glass window out of his way and disappeared into the tower. Five seconds later, the lights went out. I realized Raoul was already gone. He must have submerged so we wouldn’t hear him swimming after Riley. Everyone else took off, and the water churned as if an enormous school of barracuda were attacking. Fred and I swam at a relatively leisurely pace behind them. In a funny way, it was like we were some old married couple. We never talked, but we stil did things at exactly the same time. We got to the boat about three seconds later, and already the air was ful of shrieks and the warm scent of blood. The smel made me realize exactly how thirsty I was, but that was the last thing I realized. My brain shut down completely. There was nothing but fiery pain in my throat and the delicious blood – blood everywhere – promising to put that fire out. When it was over and there wasn’t a heart left beating on the whole ship, I wasn’t sure how many people I’d personal y kil ed. More than triple the number I’d ever had on a hunting trip before, easy. I felt hot and flushed. I’d drunk long past the point at which my thirst was total y slaked, just for the taste of the blood. Most of the blood on the ferry was clean and luscious – these passeng ers had not been dregs. Though I hadn’t held back, I was probably at the low end of the kil count. Raoul was so surrounded by mangled bodies that they actual y made a little hil . He sat on top of his pile of the dead and laughed loudly to himself. He wasn’t the only one laughing. The dark boat was ful of sounds of delight. I heard Kristie say, â€Å"That was amazing – three cheers for Riley!† Some of her crowd put up a raucous chorus of hurrahs like a bunch of happy drunks. Jen and Kevin swung onto the view deck, dripping wet. â€Å"Got ’em al, boss,† Jen cal ed to Riley. So some people must have tried to swim for it. You read "The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner Chapters 12" in category "Essay examples" I hadn’t noticed. I looked around for Fred. It took me a while to find him. I final y realized that I couldn’t look directly at the back corner by the vending machines, and I headed that way. At first I felt like the rocking ferry was making me seasick, but then I got close enough that the feeling faded and I could see Fred standing by the window. He smiled at me quickly, and then looked over my head. I fol owed his gaze and saw that he was watching Riley. I got the feeling that he’d been doing this for some time. â€Å"Okay, kids,† Riley said. â€Å"You’ve had a taste of the sweet life, but now we’ve got work to do!† They al roared enthusiastical y. â€Å"I’ve got three last things to tel you – and one of those things involves a little dessert – so let’s sink this scow and get home!† With laughter mixed in with the snarls, the army went to work dismantling the boat. Fred and I bailed out the window and watched the demo from a short distance. It didn’t take long for the ferry to crumple in the middle with a loud groan of metal. The midsection went down first, with both the bow and the stern twisting up to point to the sky. They sank one at a time, the stern beating the bow by a few seconds. The school of barracuda headed toward us. Fred and I started swimming for shore. We ran home with the others – though keeping our distance. A couple of times Fred looked at me like he had something he wanted to say, but each time he seemed to change his mind. Back at the house, Riley let the celebratory mood wind down. Even after a few hours had passed, he stil had his hands ful trying to get everyone serious again. For once it wasn’t a fight he was trying to defuse, just high spirits. If Riley’s promises were false, as I thought, he was going to hav e an issue when the ambush was over. Now that al these vampires had real y feasted, they weren’t going to go back to any measure of restraint very easily. For tonight, though, Riley was a hero. Final y – a while after I would have guessed that the sun was up outside – everyone was quiet and paying attention. From their faces, it seemed they were ready to hear just about anything he had to say. Riley stood halfway up the stairs, his face serious. â€Å"Three things,† he began. â€Å"First, we want to be sure we get the right coven. If we accidental y run across another clan and slaughter them, we’l tip our hand. We want our enemies overconfident and unprepared. There are two things that mark this coven, and they’re pretty hard to miss. One, they look different – they have yel ow eyes.† There was a murmur of confusion. â€Å"Yel ow?† Raoul repeated in a disgusted tone. â€Å"There’s a lot of the vampire world out there that you haven’t encountered yet. I told you these vampires were old. Their eyes are weaker than ours – yel owed with age. Another advantage to our side.† He nodded to himself as if to say, one down. â€Å"But other old vampires exist, so there is another way that we’l know them for sure†¦ and this is where the dessert I mentioned comes into play.† Riley smiled slyly and waited a beat. â€Å"This is going to be hard to process,† he warned. â€Å"I don’t understand it, but I’ve seen it for myself. These old vampires have gone so soft that they actual y keep – as a member of their coven – a pet human.† His revelation was met by blank silence. Total disbelief. â€Å"I know – hard to swal ow. But it’s true. We’l know it’s definitely them because a human girl wil be with them.† â€Å"Like†¦ how?† Kristie asked. â€Å"You mean they carry meals around with them or something?† â€Å"No, it’s always the same girl, just the one, and they don’t plan to kil her. I don’t know how they manage it, or why. Maybe they just like to be different. Maybe they want to show off their self-control. Maybe they think it makes them look stronger. It makes no sense to me. But I’ve seen her. More than that, I’ve smel ed her.† Slow and dramatic, Riley reached into his jacket and pul ed out a smal ziplock bag with red fabric wadded up inside. â€Å"I’ve done some recon in the past few weeks, checking the yel ow-eyes out as soon as they got near the area.† He paused to throw us a paternal look. â€Å"I watch out for my kids. Anyway, when I could tel that they were moving on us, I grabbed this† – he brandished the bag – â€Å"to help us track them. I want you al to get a lock on this scent.† He handed the bag to Raoul, who opened the plastic zipper and inhaled deeply. He glanced up at Riley with a startled look. â€Å"I know,† Riley said. â€Å"Amazing, right?† Raoul handed the bag to Kevin, his eyes narrowing in thought. One by one, each vampire sniffed the bag, and everyone reacted with wide eyes but little else. I was curious enough that I sidled away from Fred until I could feel a hint of the nausea and knew I was outside his circle. I crept forward until I was next to the Spider-Man kid, who seemed to be at the tail end of the line. He sniffed inside the bag when it was his turn and then seemed about to hand it back to the kid who had given it to him, but I held my hand out and hissed quietly. He did a double take – almost like he’d never see me before – and handed me the bag. It looked like the red fabric was a shirt. I stuck my nose in the opening, keeping my eyes on the vampires near me, just in case, and inhaled. Ah. I understood the expressions now and felt a similar one on my face. Because the human who had worn this shirt had seriously sweet blood. When Riley said dessert, he was dead right. On the other hand, I was less thirsty than I’d ever been. So while my eyes widened in appreciation, I didn’t feel enough pain in my throat to make me grimace. It would be awesome to taste this blood, but in that exact moment, it didn’t hurt me that I couldn’t. I wondered how long it would take for me to get thirsty again. Usual y, a few hours after feeding, the pain would start to come back, and then it would just get worse and worse until – after a couple of days – it was impossible to ignore it even for a second. Would the excessive amount of blood I’d just drunk delay that? I guessed I’d see pretty soon. I glanced around to make sure no one was waiting for the bag, because I thought Fred would probably be curious, too. Riley caught my eye, smiled the tiniest bit, and jerked his chin slightly toward the corner where Fred was. Which made me want to do the exact opposite of what I’d just been planning, but whatever. I didn’t want Riley to be suspicious of me. I walked back to Fred, ignoring the nausea until it faded and I was right next to him. I handed him the bag. He seemed pleased I’d thought to include him; he smiled and then sniffed the shirt. After a second he nodded thoughtful y to himself. He gave me the bag back with a significant look. The next time we were alone, I thought he would say aloud whatever it was he had seemed to want to share before. I tossed the bag toward Spider-Man, who reacted like it had fal en out of the sky but stil caught it before it hit the ground. Everyone was buzzing about the scent. Riley clapped his hands together twice. â€Å"Okay, so there’s the dessert I was talking about. The girl wil be with the yel ow-eyes. And whoever gets to her first gets dessert. Simple as that.† Appreciative growls, competitive growls. Simple, yes, but†¦ wrong. Weren’t we supposed to be destroying the yel ow-eyed coven? Unity was supposed to be the key, not a first-come, first-served prize that only one vampire could win. The only guaranteed outcome from this plan was one dead human. I could think of half a dozen more productive ways to motivate this army. The one who kil s the most yel ow-eyes wins the girl. The one who shows the best team cooperation gets the girl. The one who sticks to the plan best. The one who fol ows orders best. MVP, etc. The focus should be on the danger, which was definitely not the human. I looked around at the others and decided that none of them were fol owing the same train of thought. Raoul and Kristie were glaring at each other. I heard Sara and Jen arguing in whispers about the possibility of sharing the prize. Wel, maybe Fred got it. He was frowning, too. â€Å"And the last thing,† Riley said. For the first time there was some reluctance in his voice. â€Å"This wil probably be even harder to accept, so I’l show you. I won’t ask you to do anything I won’t do. Remember that – I’m with you guys every step of the way.† The vampires got real stil again. I noticed that Raoul had the ziplock back and was gripping it possessively. â€Å"There are so many things you have yet to learn about being a vampire,† Riley said. â€Å"Some of them make more sense than others. This is one of those things that won’t sound right at first, but I’ve experienced it myself, and I’l show you.† He deliberated for a long second. â€Å"Four times a year, the sun shines at a certain indirect angle. During that one day, four times a year, it is safe†¦ for us to be outside in the daylight.† Every tiny movement stopped. There was no breathing. Riley was talking to a bunch of statues. â€Å"One of those special days is beginning now. The sun that is rising outside today won’t hurt any of us. And we are going to use this rare exception to surprise our enemies.† My thoughts spun around and turned upside down. So Riley knew it was safe for us to go out in the sun. Or he didn’t, and our creator had told him this â€Å"four days a year† story. Or†¦ this was true and Diego and I had lucked into one of those days. Except that Diego had been out in the shade before. And Riley was making this into some kind of solstice-y seasonal thing, while Diego and I had been safe in the daylight just four days ago. I could understand that Riley and our creator would want to control us with the fear of the sun. It made sense. But why tel the truth – in a very limited way – now? I would bet it had to do with those scary dark-cloaks. She probably wanted to get a jump on her deadline. The cloaked ones had not promised to let her live when we kil ed al the yel ow-eyes. I guessed she would be off like a shot the second she’d accomplished her objective here. Kil the yel ow-eyes and then take an extended vacation in Australia or somewhere else on the other side of the world. And I’d bet she wasn’t going to send us engraved invitations. I would have to get to Diego quick so we could bail, too. In the opposite direction from Riley and our creator. And I ought to tip Fred off. I decided I would as soon as we had a moment alone. There was so much manipulation going on in this one little speech, and I wasn’t sure I was catching it al . I wished Diego were here so we could analyze it together. If Riley was just making up this four-days story on the spot, I guess I could understand why. It’s not like he could have just said, Hey, so I’ve lied to you for your whole lives, but now I’m telling the truth. He wanted us to fol ow him into battle today; he couldn’t undermine whatever trust he’d earned. â€Å"It’s right for you to be terrified at the thought,† Riley told the statues. â€Å"The reason you are al stil alive is that you paid attention when I told you to be careful. You got home on time, you didn’t make mistakes. You let that fear make you smart and cautious. I don’t expect you to put that intel igent fear aside easily. I don’t expect you to run out that door on my word. But†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He looked around the room once. â€Å"I do expect you to follow me out.† His eyes slid away from the audience for just the teensiest fraction of a second, touching very briefly on something over my head. â€Å"Watch me,† he told us. â€Å"Listen to me. Trust me. When you see that I’m okay, believe your eyes. The sun on this one day does have some interesting effects on our skin. You’l see. It won’t hurt you in any way. I wouldn’t do anything to put you guys in unnecessary danger. You know that.† He started up the stairs. â€Å"Riley, can’t we just wait – ,† Kristie began. â€Å"Just pay attention,† Riley cut her off, stil moving up at a measured pace. â€Å"This gives us a big advantage. The yel oweyes know al about this day, but they don’t know that we know.† As he was talking, he opened the door and walked out of the basement into the kitchen. There was no light in the wel -shaded kitchen, but everyone stil shied away from the open doorway. Everyone but me. His voice continued, moving toward the front door. â€Å"It takes most young vampires a while to embrace this exception – for good reason. Those who aren’t cautious about the daylight don’t last long.† I felt Fred’s eyes on me. I glanced over at him. He was staring at me urgently, as if he wanted to take off but had nowhere to go. â€Å"It’s okay,† I whispered almost silently. â€Å"The sun’s not going to hurt us.† You trust him? he mouthed back at me. No way. How to cite The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner Chapters 12, Essay examples

Innovation and Design Strategy free essay sample

Samsung Electronics: Innovation and Design Strategy Introduction: The case study commences with the integration of innovative design and brand management by Samsung Electronics which started a new trend in the electronics industry. As discussed in the case, initially Samsung was not much popular and lacked design identity but later it relocated itself by: * Improvement in the product development processes * Increasing their investments in RD and product design i. e. RD globalization. * By adopting right innovation strategies. By mastering the less tangible, more intuitive qualities of superior design. By diversification of products and step by step or continual improvement. * Implementing Global localization strategy. * Achieving Vision of leading in digital convergence by using e-processes (electronic integration of processes by going online). All these methods were implemented by Samsung in order to improve its productivity and to gain competitive advantage over its competitors lik e LG Electronics, Sony, Apple Computer Inc. , etc. Despite this, Samsung is facing the challenge to stay ahead in competition in the near future. Consumer electronics industry is facing a tough competition and the need of the our is to optimize the R D costs, having relevant information regarding the IPR (Intellectual Property Rights) while design outsourcing and using appropriate product design followed by appropriate market strategy. Case Analysis: As mentioned in the case, the background of Samsung can be discussed in a tabular form: * Started by Byung-Chull Lee in 1939 as an exporter of agricultural products. I * Samsung Electronics established in 1969 followed by product diversification. I * Strategic Joint Ventures with NEC, Sanyo and Corning Glass work in 1970 | Brought 50% stake in Korea Semiconductor Inc. I * Acquisition of Korea Semiconductor Inc. in 1978 followed by the successful implementation of reverse engineered product design I * Vertical integration by developing their own ICs DRAMS(Dynamic Random Access Memories in 1985 Focus on qualitative growth than quantitative growth in 1990 | * Loosening of import restrictions by South Korean government I And Samsung achieved price competitiveness in 1991. | * In 1992, Samsung established RD center in European markets. I * In 1994, Samsung established RD center in US markets. I * In 1997, Samsung cuts its Korean and overseas workforces due to Asian Financial crises. I * In 1999, Samsung was regarded as worlds premiere consumer goods and services industry By Forbes. I * In 2000, Samsung embarked vision to convert itself into a Digital- e company. * Increased design staff and 2004 | * In 2005, Samsung increased its design budget by 20%-30% | * In 2006, Samsung registered 17,377 patents worldwide I * In 2007, Samsung held management, product design and investment in RD provided them advantages over its competitors. Hence, they improved step by step with the product iversification, Mergers and Acquisitions, vertical integration and implementation of new technology. They were aggressively involved in marketing and improving their brand image in the minds of their customers. The Samsungs learning and leveraging matrix can be explained as: Dedicated business units e. g. Informal technology transfer I New venture department or division, e. g. skunkworks( Investments in RDs) I Independent business unit, e. g. Predivestment or potential spinout I Direct integration or business team ( Vertical Integration by developing their own ICS) I High Low Leveraging existing competencies Innovation and product Design at Samsung Electronics Samsung Electronics leading position was contributed by the enlisted factors: * Creative people in the organization which contributed in the development of technology. * Co-operation between the business partners throughout the supply chain * Firms ability in exploring end penetrating into the new markets * Speed of innovation and product development. Along with this Samsung also increased the investments in their RD centers. After doing the trend analysis for the Exhibit 3 which shows the Samsung RD udget and percentage sales, We arrive at the conclusion that the Samsungs RD budget increased till the year 2007 linearly. But there is decline in the percentage of sales in the year 2007, which suggests that the Samsung will need to rethink this strategy. There is an urgent need to optimize the cost related to Samsungs RD expenditure to prevent the decline of sales in future. Samsung globalized their RD network worldwide to develop technologies which can be commercialized in the future. Basically the main idea behind the globalization of RD network is to: * Focus n innovation and generating new products for global market. * There is a huge scope of product improvement. * This provides an access to the emerging markets. * Leverages the market opportunity for the firm. User- Centric Design Philosophy Samsungs philosophy was to strike the balance between the reasons and feelings. This was done by them with the rationalization of the design of product by using geometric and technological parameters and enhancing the design to the product so that it can make the emotional connection with the user. Their global localization strategy helped them to become a top class consumer lectronics company. Marketing Samsung used electronic processes to achieve their vision of leading in digital convergence. The Convergence and integration between manufacturing, promotion distribution of electronics included releasing, promoting and marketing. This * Helped in product differentiation * Better value propositions or bundle of benefits to the customers. This graph shows net sales and operating profit of Samsung Electronics 2007 Samsung Electronics E-processes comprised of: The SCM, RD management and Customer management processes were ntegrated with ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning). ERP implementation provided them a wider access to the Samsung Electronics operations. This improved their overall processes and improved efficiency.

The Sun Rising by John Donne and To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell Essay Example For Students

The Sun Rising by John Donne and To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell Essay The main theme of The Sun Rising and To His Coy Mistress is love. Each poem follows different aspects of love. They are both strong aspects of love and both universal themes for they will forever be around as long as people still love each other. These themes are mainly there because of Donnes and Marvells views and personal experiences. Born a Catholic in 1572 John Donne became a lawyer and was well known for sailing as a gentlemen adventurer with Essex and Raleigh. Donne became MP for Brackley in 1601. He secretly married a lady by the name of Ann Moore. We will write a custom essay on The Sun Rising by John Donne and To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Donne was briefly imprisoned because of this secret marriage. Donne wrote most of his love poetry before 1615 and wrote various writings including Songs and Sonnets. In 1615 Donne took holy orders, was ordained as a deacon and became priest at St. Pauls Cathedral. He was then made royal chaplain to James I. I believe that Donnes experience of his secret marriage has helped him to understand love and he shows this in the poem. The main theme of The Sun Rising is to show how much he loves his lover and how wonderful and important she is. The poem contains metaphysical ideas and this helps to emphasise how he feels about his lover. For example the last two lines of the poem read: Shine here to us, and thou art everywhere; this bed thy centre is, these walls, thy sphere. This creates an image of just the poet and his lover in bed, blocked off from anything or anyone else. It is also saying that as far as the poet is concerned the sun only needs to shine on them as he feels he and his lover is the most important thing in the world and no-one else matters. The poem is symmetrical with three regular stanzas each containing a rhyme scheme of ABBACDCDEE. This rhyme scheme repetition helps the poem flow and makes it easier to read. The rhyming couplet at the end helps round off each stanza, emphasising it is the end of that stanza and the start of a new idea. The rhyming couplet at the end of the last stanza helps bring the poem to a delicate close because it leaves you with the image of the poet and his lover and nothing else mattering. Donne changes the tone of the poem depending upon who he is talking to or about. At the beginning of the poem he uses a very colloquial tone to address the sun and he is disrespectful to the sun. For example, the opening line of the poem: Busy old fool, unruly sun, this lets the reader know he is angry at being woken up. The poet talks to the sun as though he is a person; this is because the poet feels very powerful when with his lover and feels authoritative over the sun. He questions the sun on why he is so powerful and why everyone has to run in line with his timing. Donne asks: Must to thy motions lovers seasons run? After this Donne then proceeds to scorn the sun as a time watcher as though the sun has nothing better to do. Donne asks: Saucy pedantic wretch, go chide late schoolboys, and sour prentices. Go tell court-huntsmen that the king will ride, Call country ants to harvest offices; This section creates many images of normal a wide variety of people, ranging from young schoolboys to the king and this helps emphasise the fact that Donne wants the sun to shine anywhere but in his room with his lover. The rhyming couplet that end the first stanza, read: Love all alike, no seasons know, nor clime, Nor hours, days, months which are the rags of time. These two lines help summarise the first stanza, which is that love never changes and does not know seasons or time unlike the sun which changes what time he rises depending on the time of year. Donne is also implying it is the same for all lovers. When Donne is talking about his lover he uses a completely different tone compared to when he is talking to the sun. He is more relaxed and structures the words so that they are said more slowly than before. For example, She is all states, and all princess I, the use of all helps slow down the line and the alliteration of the s sound forces you to say it slowly and with emphasis on the repeated all. In the second stanza Donne tries to take some authority over the sun by stating: Thy beams, so reverend and strong why shouldst thou think? I could eclipse and cloud them with a wink, Donne is saying how easy it would be for him to close his eyes so that he can eclipse the sun. Donne then proceeds to say: But that I would not lose her sight so long: this means that Donne does not want to lose sight of his lover, whose eyes are brighter than the sun. By saying this, Donne is implying that his lover is greater and more beautiful than the sun. The second stanza creates some of the most important exotic imagery in the whole poem. In this stanza Donne is telling the sun that even if he travelled around the whole world, to some of the most beautiful places, the sun would not find anything as beautiful as Donnes lover. .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b , .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b .postImageUrl , .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b , .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b:hover , .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b:visited , .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b:active { border:0!important; } .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b:active , .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub0cb5dc8eee4d765ec0bc2f962ecfb3b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: William Blake Poetry Themes EssayThe stanza reads (line 16) Look, and tomorrow late, tell me whether both the Indias of spice and mine, Be where thou leftst them, or lie here with me. These exaggerated comparisons known as conceits make it very interesting for the reader. In this he is also asking the sun if he finds his lover more beautiful than the treasures of the earth. Donnes tone has calmed down a lot in the second stanza compared to the first stanza. I believe this is because at first he is grumpy because he had been woken up and no one likes being woken up in the morning. Then as the poem goes Donne becomes more expansive about his love and talks more about his lovers beauty. In the third stanza Donnes tone becomes more nonchalant. In this stanza he compliments his lover a lot and the first two lines read: She is all states, and all Princes I, Nothing else is. I believe these are two of important lines in the poem as they generally summarise the whole meaning of the poem. In these two lines Donne is saying that she is all the countries in the world and he is all the princes and that nothing else matters to him apart from her. Mid-way through the stanza Donne says: Thou, sun, art half as happy as we, In that the worlds contracted thus; This is saying that the sun isnt half as happy as Donne and his lover, even though the sun gets to see everything and is a powerful source of life because without the sun we would all die due to starvation from no crops being grown. I t also says that Donnes world has shrunken down and all that he needs is confined in his bedroom, i. e. his lover. Also in that quote, the alliteration of the h sound makes you say the sentence slower and almost sounds like breathlessness shown in awe of their emotions. This gives it more meaning. The very last rhyming couplet of the poem reinforces that all Donne needs is his lover, it says: Shine here to us, and thou art everywhere; This bed thy centre is, these walls, thy sphere. I think this is a great sentence to end on because-as said already- this creates an image of Donne, in bed with his lover, blocked off from the world and confined to his little bedroom where Donne is at his happiest because he is with his lover and he can not be disturbed by anyone, not even the sun. To His Coy Mistress written by Andrew Marvell, also contains the theme of love, but focuses on a different aspect to The sun rising. Born in 1621, Andrew Marvell was brought up in Hull on the River Humber and was born a Protestant. He briefly converted to a Catholic but then changed back. He had many skills and was a writer, a tutor and a traveller. In 1659 he was elected MP for Hull and he was in power for nearly 20 years. To his coy mistress is his most famous poem, and it is cleverly written on the ancient theme of carpe diem -or seize the day- as an attempt to convince a girl to sleep with him. The poem starts off very slowly and at this time Marvell is being patient with the girl. At first he implies that the lady not wanting to sleep with him and wait is a crime. The first two lines read: Had we but world enough, and time, this coyness, lady, were no crime. This is saying that it would not be a crime if they had forever to follow the conventional courtship rituals. The poem is written with rhyming couplets all the way through and the poem does not have any stanzas. The first type of imagery starts in the fifth line where Marvell writes: Thou by the Indian Ganges side, Shouldst rubies find; I by the tide Of Humber would complain. I would Love you ten years before the flood. This means that he would have loved her before the flood in the bible. He is implying if he could he would have loved her forever. Marvell also writes about how if he had the time he would wait for her to feel ready to have sex, but he does not have that time and wants to take her virginity now. This is the whole point of the poem and is very well expressed. Marvell writes: But at my back, I always hear Times winged chariot hurrying near which shows that he is conscious of the time passing and that he is not getting any closer to having sex with her. The poem uses metaphors very effectively. The eleventh line reads: My vegetable love shall grow. This means that his love is like a vegetable, and it starts of a seed, and that needs looking after and nurturing in order to grow, just like his love. Vegetables need certain things to grow, like water and sunlight, and I think Marvells love is like that because he needs to have sex with her so his love can grow even more. .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf , .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf .postImageUrl , .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf , .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf:hover , .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf:visited , .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf:active { border:0!important; } .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf:active , .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u584e6a0c197e6c4fb4045b11db8d29bf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How do the Poets Portray the Theme of Love in the Poems you have studied EssayIn the second quarter of the poem Marvell starts to compliment his lover as an attempt to seduce her in to bed. He does this by saying: An hundred years should go to praise Thine eyes and thy forehead gaze; Two hundred to adore each breast; But thirty thousand to the rest: An age, at least, to every part, and the last age should go to her heart. In these lines Marvell is saying how he should, pay more attention to her beauty, and that she deserves nothing less. This is quite ironic because he does not even attempt to do any of this. Marvell rounds this off by writing: For, lady, you deserve this state; Nor would I love at a lower rate. After this comes the couplet: But, at my back, I always hear Times winged chariot hurrying near, which is saying he does not have time to pay that much attention to her as he said he would like to. This is a clever sentence, because it contains personification, imagery and a metaphor. It contains personification because it makes you think time is a person on a chariot, and you get a good image of this in your mind. It is also metaphorical because it compares the speed of time and how people are always running out of time as someone is hurrying him up. After this, Marvell becomes more and more restless and impatient. The tone changes and becomes more urgent. It speeds up, as Marvell is getting angry because she still will not sleep with him. Marvell now starts to talk about passion and how, if she does not have sex soon, she never will. He writes: That long preserved virginity: and your quaint honour turn to dust; And into ashes all my lust This is also hinting he is getting bored of waiting and that his passion for her will die down if he does not have sex with her soon. It is also threatening her with the idea of dying a virgin. He then writes: The graves a fine and private place, but none I think do their embrace. Now, therefore, while the youthful hue Sits on thy skin like morning dew. And while thy willing soul transpires, at every pore with instant fires. This shows that Marvell is desperate and he is saying that when she dies no one will want to have sex with her and she should do it while she is young because no one will want her when she is old. You can now sense that Marvell is extremely frustrated and he uses the word Now frequently. In one final gasp Marvell writes: Let us roll all our strength, and all our sweetness, up into one ball; and tear our pleasures, with rough strife, Through the iron gates of life. He is saying that they should rip their clothes off and make love as soon as possible because it will be like heaven-the iron gates of life. This gives a sexual image of the gates of life. To conclude the poem Marvell writes: Thus, though we can not make our sun Stand still, yet we will make him run. This means that they cannot stop time, but they can use time wisely, by making the most of it to make love. These two poems are both about different aspects of love, The sun rising focuses on how wonderful a lover can be, To his coy mistress is all about seizing the day, and consummating his love. To his coy mistress is not really about being in the blissful state of love, unlike The Sun Rising. It is more to do with the physical aspect of making love, and although you get the impression it is about love it never says it in the poem. I think that in To his coy mistress it shows how man can get desperate for love and will resort to saying anything. It does not show the one quality that only human beings have, that no other life form on earth have, that is being able to have feelings to someone and use sex as an expression of peoples love. The sun rising shows this and this is why I feel people can relate to this poem better. The arguments for love in The Sun Rising are mainly about celebrating love and showing that you feel love for someone, and it gets more elaborate and expansive throughout the poem. For example it starts out with ordinary schoolboys and later talks about more exotic ideas like the West Indies, until finally it talks about the universe. To His Coy Mistress examines the time essence of a relationship and how there is not enough time to do everything the way it should be done and is about making the most of your youth. It is a very time conscious poem and expresses how Marvell feels about enjoying life.

Free Essays on The Life Of Harry S. Truman In A Nutshell

The Life of Harry S. Truman in a Nutshell On April 12, 1945, President Franklin D. Roosevelt died suddenly of a cerebral hemorrhage. That same day vice president Harry S. Truman was sworn in to succeed him. Truman became president at a particularly critical time. World War II was coming to an end, and the Cold War with the Soviet Union was in its beginning stages. The new president was immediately called on to make a number of difficult and important decisions. A man of down-to-earth directness, he learned quickly and was willing to act vigorously. As a result, he was able to establish many of the basic foreign policies adopted by the United States following World War II. These included the Truman Doctrine to restrain Communist expansion and the Marshall Plan to aid war-devastated countries. Truman also is remembered for his resistance to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin and for his action in halting Communist aggression in South Korea. Truman's domestic policy was known as the Fair Deal program. It emphasized the need for greater employment opportunities and for increased civil rights for members of minority groups. Early Years Harry S. Truman was born in Lamar, Missouri, on May 8, 1884. He was the eldest of three children of Martha Ellen Young and John Anderson Truman. Because his parents could not decide which of his grandfathers to name him after, they gave young Harry the letter "S" instead of a middle name. When Harry was 6, the Trumans moved to Independence, Missouri. There he grew up, a bookish boy, so nearsighted that he had to wear thick glasses. After he finished high school, his father's financial difficulties prevented Harry from entering college. He held a number of jobs, eventually becoming a bank clerk. In 1906, at the age of 22, he went to work on the family farm, where he spent the next 11 years. The entrance of the United States into World War I in 1917 gave Truman an opportunity to show his ab... Free Essays on The Life Of Harry S. Truman In A Nutshell Free Essays on The Life Of Harry S. Truman In A Nutshell The Life of Harry S. Truman in a Nutshell On April 12, 1945, President Franklin D. Roosevelt died suddenly of a cerebral hemorrhage. That same day vice president Harry S. Truman was sworn in to succeed him. Truman became president at a particularly critical time. World War II was coming to an end, and the Cold War with the Soviet Union was in its beginning stages. The new president was immediately called on to make a number of difficult and important decisions. A man of down-to-earth directness, he learned quickly and was willing to act vigorously. As a result, he was able to establish many of the basic foreign policies adopted by the United States following World War II. These included the Truman Doctrine to restrain Communist expansion and the Marshall Plan to aid war-devastated countries. Truman also is remembered for his resistance to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin and for his action in halting Communist aggression in South Korea. Truman's domestic policy was known as the Fair Deal program. It emphasized the need for greater employment opportunities and for increased civil rights for members of minority groups. Early Years Harry S. Truman was born in Lamar, Missouri, on May 8, 1884. He was the eldest of three children of Martha Ellen Young and John Anderson Truman. Because his parents could not decide which of his grandfathers to name him after, they gave young Harry the letter "S" instead of a middle name. When Harry was 6, the Trumans moved to Independence, Missouri. There he grew up, a bookish boy, so nearsighted that he had to wear thick glasses. After he finished high school, his father's financial difficulties prevented Harry from entering college. He held a number of jobs, eventually becoming a bank clerk. In 1906, at the age of 22, he went to work on the family farm, where he spent the next 11 years. The entrance of the United States into World War I in 1917 gave Truman an opportunity to show his ab...

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Slavery in Civil War Era - Coursework Example These came to be known as the Confederate States whose members were slave-owning states, and this led to the prominence of two men whose views on slavery were entirely opposite of one another. The first is Abraham Lincoln who was among the biggest proponents of the eradication of slavery in all the states within the union, and the other is Jefferson Davis who was a principal proponent of the institution of slavery and believed that it was a necessary part of the economy at the time. These two men shall be discussed in this paper in relation to their positions on the institution of slavery. The institution of slavery lasted for over three hundred and fifty years in what is today the United States until it was finally abolished in the eighteen sixties. It was one of the most brutal and dehumanizing institutions in the annals of the human race with the greatest victims being the African slaves. African slaves were imported like commodities from Africa to work in the large white-owned pl antations because they could withstand those European diseases, which normally killed the Indian slaves. Moreover, the ability of the Africans to work in the harsh conditions of a hot sun was seen to be an added advantage for their conversion to slaves. Europeans used various means to justify their enslavement of Africans, and one of these was that the bible stated that they were the children of Ham and that they had been cursed to be slaves to the other races that were descended from Noah. Another justification was the belief that Africans were subhuman; such that they were inferior to the white race and that because of this it was justifiable to treat them in any way one wanted because they had no human feelings at all. These highly mistaken concepts ensured that slavery continued, and many Africans were brought to America and forced to undertake tasks under extremely harsh and brutal conditions for the sake of making a profit for their masters. It is for the purpose of ending thi s institution that the American Civil War took place.

Psychology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Psychology - Assignment Example It is also the emotional control center. However, this is the part of the brain that is most prone to injury because of its location. The following are some of the effects in case the frontal lobe is not functioning due to damage. The major function of the frontal lobe is motor functions. Impairment to this part of the brain may result in loss of movements and strength (Carter, Susan, Martyn, Steve, Christopher, Uta and Melanie 107). This mainly affects the arms, fingers and hands. Damage of the frontal lobe may make an individual lose control of his or her hands and arms. Research has also revealed that damage to the frontal lobe may result in dramatic changes in a person’s social behavior. This is because scientists believe that this part of the brain controls nearly all behavioral aspects of human beings. Without optimum functionality of this part of the brain, a person may experience reduced ability to solve problems. Strong evidence also indicates that the person may have difficulties with being attentive. Impairment to this part of the brain may also result in memory loss. An individual may have problems identifying some of the people he or she knew before damaging the frontal lobe. An individual may also find it difficult to recall past events. Depending on which side of the frontal lobe suffers the most damage, a person may speak excessively or on the other hand speak fewer words. Impairment to the left side of the frontal lobe may result in a person speaking fewer words while damage to the right side of the frontal lobe may result in an individual speaking excessively. Damage to the frontal lobe may also affect the emotional aspect of an individual. Research has revealed that the frontal lobe controls the emotional part of humans in the brain. If the frontal lobe is not functioning optimally, an individual may become too emotional about things that he or she would have

Civil War In Chad History Essay

Civil War In Chad History Essay After getting the independence from France in 1960, the north-central African nation of Chad has undergone four civil wars. These Chadian Civil Wars were against France, Libya, Sudan, Zaire/Congo, and the United States. . The current civil war is also connected to the neighbourers Sudan. Following are the civil wars that had been happened so far: 1.   First Chad Civil War (1965-1979) 2. Second Chad Civil War (1979-1982) 3. Third Chad Civil War (1998-2002) 4. Fourth Chad Civil War (2005-present)   First Chad Civil War (1965-1979) : The First Chadian Civil War started in 1965/66, with riots and insurgency against Chadian president Franà §ois Tombalbayes rule, known for its authoritarianism and distrust of democracy. By January 1962, Tombalbaye had banned all political parties except his own Chadian Progressive Party (PPT), and started immediately concentrating all power in his own hands. His treatment of opponents, real or imagined, was extremely harsh, filling the prisons with thousands of political prisoners. What was even worse was his constant discrimination against the central and northern regions of Chad, where the southern Chadian administrators came to be perceived as arrogant and incompetent. A long civil war began as a tax revolt in 1965 and soon set the Muslim north and east against the southern-led government. Even with the help of French combat forces, the Tombalbaye government was never able to quell the insurgency. Tombalbayes rule became more irrational and brutal, leading the military to carry out a coup on April 13, 1975 (in which Tombalbaye was killed), and to install Gen. Felix Malloum, a southerner, as head of state. In 1978, Malloum government was broadened to include more northerners. Internal dissent within the government led the northern prime minister, Hissà ¨ne Habrà ©, to send his forces against the national army in the capital city of NDjamena in February 1979. The resulting civil war amongst the 11 emergent factions was so widespread that it rendered the central government largely irrelevant. At that point, other African governments decided to intervene. Second Chad Civil War (1979-1982): The Translational Government of National Unity was coalition government of armed group that ruled Chad from the time period between 1979 to1982, during the most chaotic phase of the long running civil war which happened in 1965 to 1979.The GUNT replaced the fragile alliance led by Felix Malloum and Hissene Habre, which was collapsed in February 1979. The characteristics of the GUNT can be find out by the intense rivalries that led to armed confrontations and Libyan intervention in 1980. Libya intervenes in the support of the GUNT President Goukouni Oueddei against the former GUNT Defence Minister Hissà ¨ne Habrà ©. Because of international pressures and uneasy relations between Goukouni and Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi, Goukouni asked the Libyans to leave Chad in November 1981; they were replaced by an Inter-African Force (IAF). The IAF showed itself unwilling to confront Habrà ©s militia, and on June 7, 1982, the GUNT was ousted by Habrà ©; Goukouni fled into exile. A series of four international conferences held first under Nigerian and then Organization of African Unity (OAU) sponsorship attempted to bring the Chadian factions together. At the fourth conference, held in Lagos, Nigeria, in August 1979, the Lagos accord was signed. This accord established a transitional government pending national elections. In November 1979, the National Union Transition Government (GUNT) was created with a mandate to govern for 18 months. Goukouni Oueddei, a northerner, was named President; Colonel Kamougue, a southerner, Vice President; and Habrà ©, Minister of Defense. This coalition proved fragile; in January 1980, fighting broke out again between Goukounis and Habrà ©s forces. With assistance from Libya, Goukouni regained control of the capital and other urban centers by years end. However, Goukounis January 1981 statement that Chad and Libya had agreed to work for the realization of complete unity between the two countries generated intense internationa l pressure and Goukounis subsequent call for the complete withdrawal of external forces. Libyas partial withdrawal to the Aozou Strip in northern Chad cleared the way for Habers forces to enter NDjamena in June. French troops and an OAU peacekeeping force of 3,500 Nigerian, Senegalese, and Zairian troops (partially funded by the United States) remained neutral during the conflict. Third Chad Civil War (1998-2002) The CSNPD, led by Kette Moise and other southern groups entered into a peace agreement with government forces in 1994, which later broke down. Two new groups, the Armed Forces for a Federal Republic (FARF) led by former Kette ally Laokein Barde and the Democratic Front for Renewal (FDR), and a reformulated MDD clashed with government forces from 1994 to 1995. Talks with political opponents in early 1996 did not go well, but Deby announced his intent to hold presidential elections in June. Deby won the countrys first multi-party presidential elections with support in the second round from opposition leader Kebzabo, defeating General Kamougue (leader of the 1975 coup against Tombalbaye). Debbys MPS party won 63 of 125 seats in the January 1997 legislative elections. International observers noted numerous serious irregularities in presidential and legislative election proceedings. By mid-1997 the government signed peace deals with FARF and the MDD leadership and succeeded in cutting off the groups from their rear bases in the Central African Republic and Cameroon. Agreements also were struck with rebels from the National Front of Chad (FNT) and Movement for Social Justice and Democracy in October 1997. However, peace was short-lived, as FARF rebels clashed with government soldiers, finally surrendering to government forces in May 1998. Barde was killed in the fighting, as were hundreds of other southerners, most civilians. Since October 1998, Chadian Movement for Justice and Democracy (MDJT) rebels, led by Yusuf Togoimi until his death in September 2002, have skirmished with government troops in the Tidbits region, resulting in hundreds of civilian, government, and rebel casualties, but little ground won or lost. No active armed opposition has emerged in other parts of Chad, although Kette Moise, following senior postings at the Ministry of Interior, mounted a small scale local operation near Moundou which was quickly and violently suppressed by government forces in late 2000. Deby, in the mid-1990s, gradually restored basic functions of government and entered into agreements with the World Bank and IMF to carry out substantial economic reforms. Oil exploitation in the southern Dobra region began in June 2000, with World Bank Board approval to finance a small portion of a project aimed at transport of Chadian crude through a 1000-km. buried pipeline through Cameroon to the Gulf of Guinea. The project establishes unique mechanisms for World Bank, private sector, government, and civil society collaboration to guarantee that future oil revenues benefit local populations and result in poverty alleviation. Success of the project will depend on intensive monitoring efforts to ensure that all parties keep their commitments. Debt relief was accorded to Chad in May 2001. Fourth Chad Civil War (2005-present): The current civil war in Chad began in December 2005. The conflict involved Chadian government forces and several Chadian rebel groups. These include the United Front for Democratic Change, United Forces for Development and Democracy, Gathering of Forces for Change and the National Accord of Chad. The conflict has also involved the Janjaweed, while Sudan allegedly supported the rebels, while Libya mediated in he conflict, as well as diplomats from other countries. In 2005, Chadian President Idriss Deby changed the constitution so that he could run for a third term in office, which sparked mass desertions from the army. The large-scale desertions from the army in 2004 and 2005, which forced Deby to disband his presidential guard and form a new elite military force, weakened the presidents position and encouraged the growth of armed opposition groups. The Rally for Democracy and Liberation (RDL) was formed in August 2005, and the Platform for Unity, Democracy and Change (SCUD), two months later, to overthrow the current government, accusing it of being corrupt and totalitarian. Later that year, the RDL and SCUD joined six other groups to form the United Front for Democracy and Change (FUCD).The situation was made worse by the alleged accumulation of oil wealth by Deby and his entourage. On 6 January 2006, Janjaweed militants crossed the border from Sudan into Chad and attacked the cities of Borota, Ade, and Moudaina. Nine civilians were killed a nd three were seriously injured.The Chadian government stated, The Sudanese militias attacked the settlements of Borota, Ade, Moudainayesterday killing nine and injuring three among the civilian population The Chadian government once again warns the Sudanese government against any hasty action because aggression by Sudanese militias will not go unpunished for much longer. In February 2007, a coalition of four rebel groups claimed to have taken the eastern border town of Adre. Chad rejected a plan to have U.N. troops along its eastern border. Victims from this attack were documented in the film Google Darfur. In March Former rebel Mahamat Nour Abdelkerim became defence minister. Government said Sudanese Janjaweed militia attacked and destroyed two villages in east Chad. On 26 October 2007, a peace agreement was signed between the government of Chad and four rebel groups: the Movement for Resistance and Change, the National Accord of Chad and two factions of the United Forces for Development and Democracy. In late November 2007, the rebel leader Mahamat Nouri accused Idriss Deby of ordering an attack on his fighters in the east of Chad. The army said on public radio there were several hundred dead and several injured among the Union of Forces for Democracy and Development (UFDD) fighters. Abakar Tollimi, secretary-general of the UFDD, disputed the army toll, saying only 17 rebels were killed. We have killed more than 100 from among the army ranks, he said after the clashes. On 30 November 2007, the UFDD declared a state of war against French and foreign military forces in an apparent warning to EUFOR Chad/CARà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½, comprising 3,700 European Union peacekeeping troops, who should deploy in eastern Chad on a U.N. mission to protect camps housing more than 400,000 Chadian and Sudanese refugees. Steps to be taken to stop the civil war in Chad: The main reason for the first civil war in Chad was the president of the Chad. He can stop those riots but he did not do so. Because he want all the power of Chad in his hand. First of all he should listen the need of the rebel groups. All the talk can be done by the violence but he did not do that. By spreading the violence it would be stopped. Efforts to end the war and resort to peace talks have been made, including by the U.S. government. There have been democratic advances, including the creation of a High Court and a Constitutional Court, the introduction of multi party elections and an increasingly free press. But Chad still remains highly divided along ethnic, cultural, political and regional lines and widespread repression by Debbys security forces continues.

Standardized Test Essay examples -- Standardized Testing Essays

Standardized Test Standardized test have been a means measuring student performance. Some important questions that always come up regarding standardized test are what are the tests really measuring? Are they measuring a person’s intelligence? Their ability to perform well on standardized tests? Or just some random quantity of the person’s IQ? When examining the issues around which these tests are given and the content of the tests themselves, it becomes apparent that however useful the tests may be for standardizing a group’s intellectual ability, they are not a good indicator of intelligence. To issue a truly standardized test, the testing environment should be the same for everyone involved. A person’s environment has a great deal to do with their cognitive abilities. Is the light flickering? Is the paint on the walls an unsettling shade? Is the temperature too hot or too cold? Is the chair uncomfortable? Or in the worst case, do they have an illness that day? To test a person’s mind, it is necessary to utilize their body in the process. If everyone’s body is placed in different conditions during the testing, how is it possible to get standardized results across all the subjects? Because of this assumption that everyone will perform equally independent of their environment, intelligence test scores are skewed and cannot be viewed as standardized, and definitely not as an example of a person’s intelligence. A person’s intelligence stems from a variety...

The Role of Separation

Appointing a mission-wise Chair: Role separation resolves a potential conflict of interest arising from the fact that the CEO is the primary manager of a company and the chairman is the head of the board, which oversees management (Hodgeson, 2014). Separating the roles strengthens the system of checks and balances and enhances the appearance of board independence. Splitting the roles is widely considered to be a best practice in corporate governance, though its benefits remain controversial in some circles, notably in parts of the mainstream, corporate America. (Tonello, 2011). The mission relevance of the chair's role has long been recognized in the non-profit sector where facilitating mission delivery, through managing and organizing the governing board's mission-related work, has always been central to the chair's role (Akpeki, 2006). Appointing a new board chair, then, may come to be seen as a potential milestone for mission preservation in social entrepreneurships. The chair's role is central to successful corporate governance, and the influence of the person fulfilling this role can be critical to the maintenance of mission within thriving social entrepreneurship. It stands to reason that, through choosing a chair who understands and backs the social mission, organizations can strengthen mission stewardship in the boardroom and thus help avert mission drift. Commitment to carrying the torch of the mission is only a starting point for a chair. The chair's skills, personality, and behavior will determine his or her effectiveness. A capable chair should come with first-hand knowledge of the sector or industry the business is operating in, proven leadership skills and an understanding of board process. In social entrepreneurships, the chair will also need a firm grasp of mission in the practical sense, experience in delivering mission in a business context and a commitment to ensuring that mission has its place in board discussion and decision-making at every level (Shekshnia ; Rowley, 2014). A mission-capable chair will know how to keep the mission on the agenda, how to generate productive group discussion around mission and how to foster a positive board culture with a shared sense of purpose.

What Happened to the Mayan Civilization

Week 2 Assignment 1 Michael McCue HUM111 World Cultures I Dr. Andrew N Allphin 16 October 2012 †¢No one can say for certain what happened to the Mayan people, but theories abound and include varied possible alternatives to explain the abrupt and mysterious disappearance of the Mayan civilization. Many historians have questioned â€Å"how† or â€Å"why† the Mayan civilization disappeared after the 10th century; however there is no definitive answer to this question.One possible theory is the Mayan’s civilization grew to such an extent that they deforested so much of the region that it had significant climate changes, thereby forcing the Mayan people to immigrate to other regions (Server, 2004), this theory has some scientific background, and scientists have used satellites to study the topsoil of Central America. They found that right before the civilization collapse, the sediment had changed from tree pollen to weed pollen, suggesting there were no more tree s in the area.The result of a treeless environment is the erosion of fertile topsoil, warmer climate, and a possible reduction of precipitation. Since the Mayans depended on water reservoirs from precipitation, this would have had a detrimental effect. Another theory surrounding the disappearance of the Mayan people is consistent droughts that took place preceding the tenth century and the reduction of civilization through various wars caused the Mayan civilization to dwindle down to virtual extinction.While both theories sound relevant, scientific data is also consistent to what is happening the region of Central and South American and the deforestation of the rain forest. Perhaps history is only repeating itself. References Medina-Elizalde, M. & Rohling, E. J. (2012). Collapse of Classic Maya Civilization Related to Modest Reduction in Precipitation. Science 24 February 2012, Vol. 335 no. 6071 pp. 956-959. DOI:10. 1126/science. 1216629 Sever, T. (2004). The Rise and Fall of the Ma yan Empire. [email  protected] Headline News. Retrieved from http://science. nasa. gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2004/15nov_maya/[pic][pic]

Should You Really Be A Creative Writing Major

Should You Really Be A Creative Writing Major SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips So you’re thinking about majoring in creative writing! Completing an undergraduate creative writing program can be a great way to explore your love of fiction or poetry and hone your craft. As edifyingas a creative writing major can be, it may not be what you expect.Dedicated creative writing majors are also quite uncommon, so if you're committed to getting your degree in that subject, you'll have a narrower pool of possible colleges. Thispost will help you decide whether acreative writing major is right for you. Feature Image: Nilufer Gadgieva/Flickr Many Great Schools (with Awesome Writing Classes) Don't Have a Creative Writing Major As I mentioned above, creative writing is a relatively rare major, so if you're solely focused on schools with a dedicated creative writing degree, you might miss out on schools that could be a great fit for you. Keep in mind that a lot of school that don’t offer specific majors still have great opportunities to pursue creative writing, whether by completing a minor, contributing to the campus literary journal, or simply taking classes. Even if you know you want to study creative writing, tryresearching the opportunities available at differentschools with an open mind. You might be surprised by what you find! You're Going to Have to Read- A Lot I once had a friend who loved writingbut hated reading- especially if he had to analyze the text. If you tend toagree with him, and would rather be submerged in a vat of ants than write a paper about Virginia Woolf's use of symbolism to comment onWorld War I inThe Waves, this course of study isn't right for you. Most creative writing majors are run by the English department, and, in fact, many are special tracks within the English major. As such,they involve a lot of reading of all kinds, including fiction, plays, poetry, and literary theory. I was an English major in undergrad, and we were expected to read a roughly book a week in each class. Some were long (I had one professor assign the longest single volume novel in the English language) and some were short, but it added up to a lot of books! You’ll also have to write critical essays analyzing theseworks of literature- if you really only want to write your own fiction or poetry, consider majoring in something else and taking creative writing classes as electives. (Martin/Flickr) You Don't Need a Specific Major to Be a Writer Writing isn't like engineering: you don't need a specific degree to pursue it professionally. The only thing that you need to do to be a writer is to write. Most writing jobs, whether in publishing, journalism or teaching, don’t require or even expect you to have majoredin creative writing. For the few positions that do require a writing degree, which are almost exclusively in academia,you'll actually need a graduate degree (generally an MFA). Studying writing in school is a great way to motivate you to work on your writing andto get constructive feedback(more on this below), but it’s not the only way. A lot of great writers studied something totally unrelated to writing or didn’t go to college at all. You Can Learn A Lot From Really Focusing on Writing So far I've focused mostly on reasons you might not want or need to major in creative writing, but there's one very good reason to do so: you'll spend a lot of time writing,talking about writing, and reading your peers' writing. One of the key features of any creative writing major is the workshop- a small class where students closely read and dissect each other’s work. Workshops can be very productive, since they offer the opportunity for lots of revision and rewriting. However, they also involve a lot of criticism and can be challenging for very sensitive people. Considerhow you'll react to someone not liking your writing or suggesting ways to improve it. Many creative writing majors also require a capstone project or creative BA thesis, whichrequires you to complete a substantive piece of work that's at or near publication ready. For studentswho are genuinely committed to publishing their writing, this project is an invaluable stepping stone. Some Schools Have Special Opportunities for Creative Writing Majors At schools with particularly strong writing programs, majors may have the opportunity to attend special readings or meetings with authors that aren't open to non-majors. They may also have priority for activities like working at the literary journal or university press. These kinds of perks are completely dependent on the school, however, so make sure to research the specific programs that you're interested in. Bestselling author Emma Donoghue reads from her novel "Room" (London Public Library/Flickr) Final Thoughts Creative writing majors offer a unique opportunity to focus on the craft of writing, but they aren't right for everyone. If the following statements apply to you, a creative writing major could be a great fit: You love to read and write. You take criticism well and don't mind other people reading your work. You want to pursue writing outside of the classroom as well as in it. More RecommendedReading Convinced you want to be a creative writing major? Check out our list of the best undergrad writing programs. Creative writing majors go on to a wide range of jobs. If you're exploring different career ideas, check out our guides on how to become a lawyer and how to become a teacher. If you're looking at colleges, also check out our guide on how to pick the best school for you and our list of the best college search websites. For those of you interested in particularly selective schools, we haveaguide to getting into Ivy League schools written bya Harvard grad. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Religions of the World Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Religions of the World - Research Paper Example Just as each person is unique, so are the religions that they rely on to define who and what they are. As Stephen Prothero says about religions, â€Å"the worlds religious rivals are clearly related, but they are more like second cousins than identical twins. They do not teach the same doctrines. They do not perform the same rituals and they do not share the same goals.† Three of the world’s major religions, Mormonism, Christianity, and Buddhism, reveal the truth of this statement, and how even though religions may differ greatly from one another, they exist to provide insight into the world and the human condition. By investigating the unique goals of each religion, as well as their gods, doctrines and beliefs, and their perceptions of afterlife, the notion that religions are related while still standing out on their own can be brought to light. The Goals of Religion Differences abound in all of the religions of the world, setting them greatly apart from one another. T he first and most notable difference that can be picked from each religion is its goal, or the primary purpose that the religion prevails. The goal of Mormonism, for example, is for its followers to enter a state of holiness, which is also known as exaltation. Mormons strive to conduct their lives in ways that reflect the characteristics of God. When they succeed, upon their death they will enter heaven, gaining eternal life and an eternal family. The members of Mormonism who achieve eternal life are likened to lesser gods, a belief formed by the concept that God himself was once a flesh-and-bone human and became holy upon death (Smith, 2009). However, His followers that reach this state of holiness are placed beneath God the Father who presides over Mormonism. The goal of Christianity shares part of Mormonism’s goal, which is for its followers to become more like God by taking on His attributes. The difference between the goals of these two religions, though, is that followe rs of the Christian faith strive to become Godlike so that they can bridge the wide chasm that separates them from God as a result of the sinful nature of humankind (â€Å"The basics of Christian beliefs†). Humans are born naturally apart from God due to their inherent sin. The God of Christianity wants nothing more than to have a relationship with His people, but this relationship cannot be attained as long as humans continue to live in sin. As such, the major goal of Christianity is to have the sins of its followers forgiven so that they may become more Christlike, and thus establish a relationship with their creator. The primary goal of the spiritual path of Buddhism is for its practitioners to reach enlightenment, which is more commonly referred to as nirvana by those who actively practice Buddhism. This is the Buddhist concept of total freedom, to be liberated from the cycle of life and death and to attain an eternal body. To achieve enlightenment, members of the Buddhis t faith accept the Four Noble Truths, which outline that suffering is caused by desire, and follow the Noble Eightfold Path, which direct them in how to live a life that can bring an end to suffering. Suffering is brought to a complete end when enlightenment is achieved, and the person can experience the pure freedom, happiness, and clarity of nirvana (Hanh, 1999). Each religion strives to not so much make life easier for its practitioners, but to give their followers what they need to survive the hardships of life while maintaing a peace of mind and giving them something to strive for. In the process, the goals of these religions help their followers become better people. When these individuals are successful in reaching the goal of their respective

Business & sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business & sustainability - Essay Example This section deals with the environment practices of Morrison Company with reference to the five stage model. a. Management Policies and systems: Out of the 50 reporting criteria, 12 are included under this section. Some of the important ones are management views on environment, existence of an environmental management system, environmental auditing, responsibility and accountability etc. The company has ambitious environmental protection policies included in its CSR report and some of the important policies are given. It may be noted that policies and actual performance may differ. The company proposes to reduce its carbon foot print by 36% in the coming two years. Energy saving is also viewed seriously and the company had invested 10m in energy saving technology. It is looking seriously at renewable sources of energy and reduced usage of water. Other policies include sourcing of fish and timber from sustainable sources, waste reduction, carbon labelling, fleet efficiency and fleet emission control in its fleet "We are committed to taking good care environmentally, socially and in our busi ness." (Annual review and summary Financial Statement 2007, 2007). b. Input output inventory: As many as twenty reporting criteria are included under this head. ... The group could also achieve a 9% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions during the past year. Their new head office in Bradford has a rain water collection and treatment plant. Morrison Plc also follows the practice of remoulding used tires thereby saving 675 tonnes of rubber. The company has a good record in recycling of waste products. 60% of its paper and cardboard waste was recycled last year. Plastic recycling was to the tune of 7% and other waste 5%. The total tonnage of recycled waste rose 26% from 128,000 tonnes in 2006 to 142,000 tonnes in 2007. The company has also managed a waste to landfill by 28%. Land filling by using domestic and industrial waste is a common practice followed by many countries. The main problem of using waste for landfills is contamination of the water table. A lot of regulations have come up regarding the usage of waste and Morrison's have taken this seriously. "The objective of the Directive is to prevent or reduce as far as possible negative effects on the environment from the land filling of waste, by introducing stringent technical requirements for waste and landfills." (Waste, Landfill of Waste, 2007). Another novel feature introduced by the company is the usage of compostable packaging. This type of packing is biodegradable and hence not a threat to the environment. Packaging is usually made of sugar cane fibre, wood pulp and GM free corn starch and has saved the company 27 tonnes . Package returning is another step taken by Morrison's. This means that the company is able to send back to the supplier the packaging used in transportation and this practice has helped the company to save 65,000 tonnes of cardboard. Package changing and redesigning is also another initiative